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The sources of Mikhail Bulgakov

The Life of Christ - Farrar, Frederic [en]
The complete text of the book written by Frederic Farrar.
English original - pdf 240 pages

The Gospel of Nicodemus - Nicodemus [en]
The complete text of the apocriphycal Gospel of Nicodemus, also known as The Acts of Pilate.
English translation - pdf 26 pages

Le Procurateur de Judée - Anatole France [fr]
The complete text of the book written by Anatole France.
English original - pdf 9 pages

La Vie de Jésus - Ernest Renan [fr]
The complete text of the book written by Ernest Renan.
French original - pdf 221 pages

The Life of Jesus Critically Examined - David Strauss [en]
The complete text of the bookDas Leben Jesu, kritisch bearbeitet by David Strauss from the collection of the University of Michigan.
English translation - web 784 pages

История сношений человека с дьяволом - Mikhail Orlov [ru]
The History of the relation of Man with the Devil - The complete text of the book by Mikhail Aleksandrovich Orlov (1904).
Russian original - pdf 248 pages


Texts by Mikhail Bulgakov in English

The Master and Margarita
The first English translation of Mikhail Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita made by Michael Glenny in 1967.
pdf 205 pages

The Master and Margarita
The English translation of The Master and Margarita by Mikhail Bulgakov, made by Richard Pevear & Larissa Volokhonski in 1997.
This text is no longer available on this website, due to a copyright claim made by Perseus Books Group, New York. However, the book is procurable on Amazon

Despite the copyright claim, this translation can still be downloaded from the website of the Serbian software engineer Josef Nygrin, with illustrations by Charlie Stone. To justify his publication, Josef Nygrin refers to the so-called Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial Licence. Click here to download the translation.

Loose ends and missing pieces
The meeting with Mogarych. A part of the original text of The Master and Margarita has not been translated in the English, French and Dutch editions of the novel You can read it here in English.
Dutch translation - pdf 4 pages

The Heart of a Dog
The complete text of The Heart of a Dog by Mikhail Bulgakov, translated in English by Michael Glenny.
This text is no longer available on this website, due to a copyright claim made by Melville House Publishing, Brooklyn, New York. However, the book is procurable on Amazon .

Three Kopecks
The story of the little man, a railroad employee, coming up against bureau-cracy and the taxman. And, reader, beware: this story contains nudity.
pdf 2 pages

Future Prospects
The first published story by Bulgakov, of which he said: "One day in 1919, I was on the train and wrote a short story. In the city where the train stopped I took my story to a newspaper editor who published it". The story was published in Gazeta Grosny on November 13 [26], 1919. It has been translated into English by Sidney Eric Dement of the Binghamton University, New York, USA.
pdf 4 pages

In the Café
Mikhail Bulgakov wrote this bleak outlook on the future of Russia, which was published in Kavkazskaya Gazeta on January 5 [18], 1920. It has been translated into English by Sidney Eric Dement of the Binghamton University, New York, USA.
pdf 5 pages

The Moonshine Lake
Mila Sanina and Michael Wagner translated a collection of 101 feuilletons written by Mikhail Bulgakov between November 1919 and March 1926. The Moonshine Lake was published in Nakanune on July 29, 1923, and describes the life in Apartment 50 at Bolshaya Sadovaya ulitsa No. 10 in Moscow.
pdf 7 pages

Three Orders of Swinehood
Mila Sanina and Michael Wagner translated a collection of 101 feuilletons written by Mikhail Bulgakov between November 1919 and March 1926. Three Orders of Swinehood was published in Krasny Perets in 1924, and describes the life in Apartment 50 at Bolshaya Sadovaya ulitsa No. 10 in Moscow.
pdf 4 pages

An Assembly to the Skull
Mila Sanina and Michael Wagner translated a collection of 101 feuilletons written by Mikhail Bulgakov between November 1919 and March 1926. An Assembly to the Skull was published in Gudok on May 27, 1925, and describes a Soviet smychka - an assembly in which a central party official visits a rural community to link and bond the community to the party and its programs.
pdf 4 pages

The Steel Windpipe
Mikhail Bulgakov published The Steel Windpipe along with many other doctor stories between 1925 and 1927. It has been translated into English by Michael Glenny and published in A Country Doctor’s Notebook in 1975.
pdf 8 pages

Remembering Gudok
An excerpt from I Dreamed a Dream, an unfinished manuscript by Mikhail Bulgakov, first published in 1975. The text centers on Bulgakov's early days working for the magazine Gudok, referred to herein as "a certain big newspaper". Translated in English by Margaret Wettlin.
pdf 5 pages

The Fatal Eggs
The full text of The Fatal Eggs by Mikhail Bulgakov translated (but not very good) by Kathleen Gook-Horujy.
pdf 34 pages



Texts by Mikhail Bulgakov in French

Le Maître et Marguerite
The full text of The Master and Margarita by Mikhail Bulgakov in a French translation made by Claude Ligny and Marianne Gourg, from the collection Ebooks libres et gratuits.
pdf 334 pages



Texts by Mikhail Bulgakov in Dutch

Ontbrekende stukken en verloren eindjes
The meeting with Mogarych. A part of the original text of The Master and Margarita has not been translated in the English, French and Dutch editions of the novel You can read it here in Dutch.
Dutch translation - pdf 4 pages

Een feestdag met syfilis
Bulgakov wrote this comic short story on March 27, 1925, it was published in the newspaper Gudok.
Dutch translation - pdf 3 pages

Handelsrenaissance
This serial, subtitled Moscow in the beginning of the year 1922 was not pu-blished during Bulgakov's life. It was only released in 1988.
Dutch translation - pdf 3 pages

Een herinnering
Bulgakov wrote this text after having heard the news of Lenin's death on Ja-nuary 21, 1924.
Dutch translation - pdf 4 pages

De hoofdstad op een blocnote
This text was published as a series in Nakanune in Berlin between De-cember 1922 and March 1923, and includes sketches of the life in Moscow in the era of the New Economic Policy.
Dutch translation - pdf 12 pages

Het was mei
Written in May 1934, when Bulgakov had received encouraging news about a possible trip to Paris. The trip was canceled and Bulgakov tore up the text which was found in his archive in small pieces.
Dutch translation - pdf 3 pages

In het café
Bleak outlook on the future of Russia, published in Gazeta Kavkazskaya in 1920.
Dutch translation - pdf 3 pages

Psalm
This text was written by Bulgakov when he lived in the infamous apartment number 50 of Bolshaya Sadovaya number 10.
Dutch translation - pdf 5 pages

De spiritistische scéance
This story was published in the magazine Rupor in 1922. According to Bul-gakov's first wife Tatiana Lappa, it would have been inspired by a spiritua-list sceance which took place one day in their apartment.
Dutch translation - pdf 6 pages

Roodstenig Moskou
Bulgakov was not pleased with the living condtions in the house at Bolsha-ya Sado-vaya 10, and later, in , 1924, in the communal apartment in the lite-rary house at Nashokinskiy pereulok 3-5.
Dutch translation - pdf 4 pages

Toekomstperspectieven
The first published story by Bulgakov, of which he said: "One day in 1919, I was on the train and wrote a short story. In the city where the train stopped I took my story to a newspaper editor who published it".
Dutch translation - pdf 3 pages

Veertig soroks
Bulgakov describes four scenes from his arrival in Moscow in 1921 to the beginning of 1923. They were published by Nakanune in Berlin on April 15, 1923.
Dutch translation - pdf 7 pages


Texts by Mikhail Bulgakov in Russian

Мастер и Маргарита
The complete Russion text of The Master and Margarita by Mikhail Bulgakov, with illustrations by Yevgeny Shtyrov.
pdf 184 pages

Черновые Наброски
Drafts of the novel. Bulgakov's two tiny notebooks containing the prelimi-nary notes for the third version of The Master and Margarita, written in 1929-1931, with the chapters Griboedov, Woland’s Flight and The Advisor with the hoof with comments written by Victor Lo-sev.
pdf 13 pages

Колыто Инженера
The Hoof of the Engineer - Draft for The Master and Margarita in Russian, written in 1928-1929, with comments written by Victor Losev.
pdf 23 pages

Черный Маг
The Black Magician - Another draft for The Master and Margarita in Russian, written in 1928-1929, with comments written by Victor Losev.
pdf 14 pages

Дневник Елены Булгаковой
Diary of Elena Sergeevna Bulgakova - The diary which Bulgakov’s third wife Elena Sergeevna kept from 1933 to 1940. Original Russian text with an introduction and annotations by the Ukranian writer and literary critic Lydia Yanovskaya (1926-2011).
pdf 401 pages


Texts by Michail Boelgakov in Italian

Il Maestro e Margherita
The full text of The Master and Margarita by Mikhail Bulgakov, in an Italian translation made by Vera Dridso.
This text is no longer available on this website, due to a copyright claim made by RCS MediaGroup, Milan, Italy. However, the book is procurable on Amazon.


Texts by Mikhail Bulgakov in Spanish

El Maestro y Margherita
The full text of The Master and Margarita by Mikhail Bulgakov, in a Spanish translation made by Amaya Lacasa Sancha.
This text is no longer available on this website, due to a copyright claim made by Random House Mondadori, Barcelona, Spain. However, the book is procurable on Amazon.


The Master and Margarita as a comic strip

The Master and Margarita - Rodion Tanajev [ru]
The story of The Master and Margarita presented as a comic strip by the Russian artist Rodion Tanaev.
pdf 99 pages

The Master and Margarita - Aleksandr Vygalov [ru]
The first three chapters of the story of The Master and Margarita presented as a comic strip by the Russian artist Aleksandr Vygalov.
pdf 20 pages

Der Meister und Margarita - Bertram Köninghofer [du]
The story of The Master and Margarita presented as a comic strip in one page by the Austrian artist Bertram Köninghofer.
pdf 1 page

De meester en Margarita - Henrik Lange [nl]
The story of The Master and Margarita presented as a comic strip in one page by the Swedish artist Henrik Lange.
pdf 1 page

Le Maître et Marguerite - Neyef [fr]
The scene of the meeting of Woland and Stepan Bogdanovich Likhodeev (Styopa) from The Master and Margarita, made by the French comic strip author Neyef, pseudonym of Romain Maufront.
pdf 6 pages

Moscou endiablé - Bettina Egger [fr]
Excerpt of the album Moscou endiablé, a work in three layers in which Bettina Egger interweaves the story of The Master and Margarita with the story of Mikhail Bulgakov's life and with her own exploration of the sources of the novel in Moscow.
French original - pdf 4 pages

Мастер и Маргарита - Allison R. Barbour [ru]
The American artist Allison R. Barbour adapted a part of chapter 28 - in which Koroviev and Behemoth raise hell in the Torgsin store - to a comic strip of eight pages in Russian.
Russian original - pdf 8 pages

The Master and Margarita - Boaring Bear [en]
Two pages telling the scene in which Behemoth tears off the head of George Bengalsky, the master of ceremony at the Variety Theatre, and one about the meeting of the master and Margarita.
English original - pdf 3 pages

The Master and Margarita - Polina Soshkina [en]
Try-out of a graphic novel with a short scene from the dialogue between Ivan Bezdomny and Mikhail Alexandrovich Berlioz at Patriarch's Ponds.
English original - pdf 1 page

The Master and Margarita - Eirene Wang [ru]
«Никогда не разговаривайте с неизвестными» or «Never Talk with Strangers» is the first page of what could become a comic strip adaptation of The Master and Margarita.
Russian original - pdf 1 page


Texts on The Master and Margarita in English

The Dialectics of Closure in The Master and Margarita - Amert, Susan
Amert explores the notion of endings - particularly death, but also narrative endings - in The Master and Margarita.
English original - pdf 16 pages

Sin and Redemption - Anderson, Anthony
Anderson argues that yet, despite this arguably unforgivable moral failing, the reader is nevertheless able to sympathize with the procurator.
English original - pdf 3 pages

Mythic and Daimonic Paradigms - Arenberg, Carol
Arenberg discusses Bulgakovs ideas about history and artists, and how they lead to the thematic structure of the novel.
English original - pdf 17 pages

Through the Lens of Carnival - Arnold, Yanina
In her doctoral thesis Yanina Arnold studied themes as Identity, Community and Fear in The Master and Margarita.
English original - pdf 14 pages

The Author and the Magician - Arnold, Troy
In this article Troy Arnold discusses how in Bortko's movie historical mysticism is melted with modern cinema.
English original - pdf 6 pages

e-notes - Author unknown
A high school level paper on Mikhail Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita.
English original - pdf 69 pages

The Human Response to Evil and Injustice - Author unknown
On the weblog Nonsense On Stilts are published “the Occasional Writings and Accidental Observations of a Southerner in Boston”, among which are essays written for his undergraduate thesis at Marlboro College.
English original - pdf 17 pages

The Master and Margarita: An Analysis - Author unknown
This undergraduate paper examines the themes of Michael Bulgakov’s Stalinist era novel, The Master and Margarita. The author analyzes the ana-logies, discusses the significance of the interwoven stories, and explores the New Testament aspects of the book.
English original - pdf 7 pages

The Master's Audience in The Master and Margarita - Avins, Carol
Avins discusses the role of the unknown reader of the text of the Master as keepers and possible communicators of the text.
English original - pdf 2 pages

The Master and Margarita - The True Content - Barkov, Alfred
In his first essay, Barkov argues that Maksim Gorky is the real prototype of Bulgakov's Master, while actress Maria Andreeva would be Margarita, and Bulgakov would be Ivan Bezdomny. Furthermore, Barkov writes that Mikhail Bulgakov depicted Margarita as a bestial whore betraying the Master to the secret police.
English translation (partial) - pdf 18 pages

The Master and Margarita - A Literary Mystification - Barkov, Alfred
In his second essay, Barkov continues giving controversial interpretations of The Master and Margarita, one of which is that the novel itself parodies the Faust and the City, a procommunist drama by Anatoly Lunacharsky. Some of his conclusions, however, contradict the statements of his first essay.
English summary - pdf 8 pages

Master & Margarita: a literary autobiography? - Belenkiy, Ari
An essay written on the 60th anniversary of the death of the Master.
English original - pdf 6 pages

The Master and Margarita: Deconstructing Social Realism - Belyk, Kristina
Belyk explores the creation of Russian Socialist Realism as a genre, and considers the ideology that is so imbibed within it. She elucidates, with a richly theoretical approach, Mikhail Bulgakov’s inversion of the genre in The Master and Margarita to create a critique not just of life in 1930s Moscow, but of humanity itself.
English original - pdf 23 pages

History as Hippodrome: The Apocalyptic Horse... - Bethea, David M.
Bethea discusses Bulgakov's use of the image of the horseman from the Book of Revelations in The Master and Margarita.
English original - pdf 11 pages

Elements of Satire ... in the Prose of M.A. Bulgakov - Blake, Barbara
In September 1968, Barbara Blake was, to our knowledge, the first Master student ever who submitted a thesis on The Master and Margarita. It was at the Faculty of Graduate Studies in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts at the McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario.
English original - pdf 58 pages

The Master and Margarita - BookRags Literary Study Guide
This BookRags Literature Study Guide is an offprint from Gale's For Students Series and presents analysises, context descriptions, and criticism on commonly studied works.
English original - pdf 19 pages

Michail Afanas'evich Boelgakov - BookRags Biography
Biography of Mikhail Bulgakov, presented by Amy Singleton Adams, College of the Holy Cross.
English original - pdf 17 pages

The Master and Margarita and Gabriel Garcia Marquez... - Brown, Stephanie
Brown compares Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude and Mikhail Bulgakov’s The Master and Margarita. Both are novels which concentrate thematically on the relations of power between humans, and the violence of authoritarian control.
English original - pdf 5 pages

Jesus and Satan in Moscow - Bruhn, Siglind
Bruhn compares three opera's based on Mikhail Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita. The composers are York Höller, Rainer Kunad and Sergey Slonimsky.
English original - pdf 29 pages

A Popular Reading of Bulgakov: Explication des Graffiti - Bushnell, John
An analysis of the graffiti in Bolshaya Sadovaya, as they appeared in the autumn of 1988.
English original - pdf 11 pages

Bulgakov’s “Moonlight Sonata” - Collins, John Patrick
The Thematic Functions of Grand Opera and Lieder in The Master and Margarita - John Collins is a sophomore in the College of Arts & Sciences, majoring in music and English with a minor in psychology. This essay was written for Maria Gapotchenko’s course Russian Literary Masterpieces.
English original - pdf 10 pages

Political Satire in The Master and Margarita - Curtis, J.A.E.
Mikhail Bulgakov and the Red Army's Polo Instructor - Curtis provides a biographical account of Bulgakov's involvement with American diplomats in Russia and argues that the author satirized his experience in The Master and Margarita.
English original - pdf 7pages

The Master and Margarita: The Reach Exceeds the Grasp - Delaney, Joan
Delaney studies the meaning of the character of the Master in the novel, and argues against a Faustian interpretation.
English original - pdf 10 pages

Analysis of Koroviev's (Fagot's) Character - Dudka
On the Custom Papers Network is published this short paper from an author known as Dudka, describing the Koroviev character in The Master and Margarita.
English original - pdf 3 pages

The Apocalyptic Vision of The Master and Margarita - Ericson, Edward E. Jr.
Ericson posits that Russian Orthodox Christian doctrine is the fundamental context in which The Master and Margarita must be understood.
English original - pdf 13 pages

The Mystery of the Master's Final Destination - Frank, Margot K.
Frank discusses the possible reasons for the fate of the Master at the end of the novel.
English original - pdf 10 pages

Existential Thought in The Master and Margarita - Glenny, Michael
Glenny explores possible neo-Platonic influences on The Master and Margarita.
English original - pdf 11 pages

Why Can't Critics Agree on What It Means? - Gurevich, Olga
An analysis of the parallels between the three worlds described in the novel: the real Moscow in the twenties and thirties, the world of Woland and his retinue, and the historical world of Pilate.
English original - pdf 20 pages

Cases of Schizophrenia in The Master and Margarita - Gimpelevich, Zina
Gimpelevich examines Bulgakov's use of schizophrenia as a literary device in The Master and Margarita.
English original - pdf 10 pages

Darkness Visible: Bulgakov and Milton - Gorbunov, A. N.
Professor A. N. Gorbunov of the Moscow State University argues that Bulgakov, while writing his last novel, may not specially have thought about Milton, but his poetry in spite of this could have remained in the Russian writer’s memory as a kind of a cultural frame or an intertext.
English original - pdf 13 pages

The Mythic Structure of The Master and Margarita - Haber, Edythe C.
In this essay Haber argues that Bulgakov's use of the mythical stories of Faust and Christ doesn't follow a strict and linear interpretation, but that he interweaves elements to create a mythical structure of his own.
English original - pdf 21 pages

Bulgakov’s Post Horses - Ivanov, Mikhail
Russian Life Editor Mikhail Ivanov visited Richard Pevear and his wife Larissa Volokhonsky, who translated The Master and Margarita in English in 1997. Together they discussed the subtleties of the translator's art and on the particular difficulty of translating Bulgakov.
English original - pdf 8 pages

Margarita Uncovered - Sexuality, Power, and Gender... - Juklova, Michaela
Juklova explores how the female characters in The Master and Margarita are indispensible to the novel’s plot as enablers of men, and their actions reveal a great deal about gender relationships in the Soviet Union in the early twentieth century.
English original - pdf 6 pages

The Master and Margarita - Satire and Transcendence - Kidder, Paulette W.
Paulette Kidder is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at Seattle University. This paper was prepared for delivery at the September 2012 Eric Voegelin Society meeting in New Orleans.
English original - pdf 17 pages

The Master and Margarita - Knowledge Reports
An short analysis of The Master and Margarita published by Knowledge Reports.
English original - pdf 4 pages

The Master & Margarita and Freedom of Censorship - Kudelina,
Aleksandra
Seminar paper presented at the Ludwig Maximilians Universität München Institut für Allgemeine und Vergleichende Literaturwissenschaft.
English original - pdf 26 pages

Mikhail Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita - Lakshin, Vladimir
Lakshin presents an overview of The Master and Margarita and situates the novel within the modern Russian literature.
English original - pdf 25 pages

Bulgakov's Faith: Fact and Fiction - Lakshin, Vladimir
Lakshin discusses Bulgakov's faith in the context of his relation with Stalin.
English original - pdf 11 pages

The Variety Theater in The Master and Margarita: - Lynne McCulloch
Chilstrom, Karen
Subtitle: A Portrait of Soviet Life in 1930s Moscow. Report presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Texas at Austin in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in May 2011.
English original - pdf 37 pages

Dreams, Devils, Irrationality, and The Master and Margarita - Mills, Judith M.
Mills explores traditional Russian literary elements as well as modern psy-choanalytic dream theory in The Master and Margarita.
English original - pdf 19 pages

The Gnostic devil in Bulgakov's «Master and Margerita» - Neininger, Marc
A comparative study of the devil figure in Goethe's Faust and the presentation of the devil in the bible. The focus lies on Bulgakov's devil figuration, however. The essay also deals with the Gnostic aspects in The Master and Margarita.
English original - pdf 8 pages

The Master and Margarita - Parkes, Alexa
Parkes describes how, through the use of fantastic elements in his novel The Master and Margarita, Bulgakov tries to ridiculise and undermine the foundations of the Soviet security.
English original - pdf 4 pages

The Role of Afranius - Pope, Richard W.F.
Pope arguments that the ambiguity of the Afranius character is essential for the meaning and the structure of The Master and Margarita.
English original - pdf 22 pages

The Model of a Parody of Christ - Pruitt, Donald B.
Pruitt arguments that the way in which Bulgakov tells the biblical story, shows that he based himself on the Gospel of John.
English original - pdf 8 pages

Key and Tripod in The Master and Margarita - Reidel Schrewe, Ursula
Schrewe examines the significance of items which figure in both Goethe's Faust and Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita.
English original - pdf 8 pages

The Sources for The Master and Margarita - Sokolov, B.V.
Bulgakov expert Sokolov analyses the philosophical grounds of The Master and Margarita.
English original - pdf 12 pages

Sympathy For The Devil - Taylor, Mia
Taylor discusses the ill-fated attempts of Polanski, Fellini, Manzarak, and a host of others to bring The Master and Margarita to the big screen.
English original - pdf 14 pages

Bulgakov's Master i Margarita: Post-Romantic Devil Pacts - Testa, Carlo
Carlo Testa traces the development of the devil figure in post-Romantic European literature and Bulgakov's use of the devil in The Master and Margarita.
English original - pdf 16 pages

Chervontsi or roubles - does it matter? - Vanhellemont, Jan
In The Master and Margarita, Mikhail Bulgakov used several times the word chervonets. According to Jan Vanhellemont it’s a pity that the English, French and Dutch translators of Bulgakov’s masterpiece translated this word as ten-rouble bill. He argues that, by doing so, they missed a part of Bulgakov's satire on the subject of money in the Soviet Union era.
English original - pdf 6 pages

In Defense of the Homeless - Weeks, Laura D.
Weeks discusses the character Ivan Bezdomny in the novel.
English original - pdf 18 pages

Sympathy For The Devil - Wood, Michael
Michael Wood compares the English translations of The Master and Margarita made by Diana Burgin and Katherine Tiernan O’Connor, and by Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky in the London Review of Books.
English original - pdf 9 pages


Texts on The Master and Margarita in French

La question religieuse dans Le Maître et Marguerite - Flamant, Françoise.
Flamant says that Bulgakov didn't do something new by telling an episode from the life of Jesus Christ - Strauss, Renard and Farrar had already done it - but that the fuss was caused because it happened in an atheist country with an Orthodox tradition.
French original - pdf 4 pages

Le Maître et Marguerite, une oeuvre-univers - Gourg, Marianne.
Introduction of Marianne Gourg to the defense of her doctoral thesis on 28 February 1987 at the University of Paris. The thesis of the same title has 700 pages but is, unfortunately, not available in our archives.
French original - pdf 9 pages

Une cure de fantastique ou Mikhail Boulgakov - Nivat, Georges
The author assesses the most important interpretations of The Master and Margarita of these last few years. He maintains the interpretation of the novel as a «mythologising novel». Published in Cahiers du Monde Russe, Année 1983, Volume 24, Numéro 3, p. 247 - 259. Source: Le Ministère de la jeunesse, de l’éducation nationale et de la recherche, Direction de l’enseignement supérieur, Sous-direction des bi-bliothèques et de la docu-mentation.
French original - pdf 14 pages

Un Maître et Marguerite allemand à l'Opéra de Paris - Spindler-Troubetzkoy Laure.
Spindler-Troubetzkoy discusses the representation of York Höller's opera Der Meister und Margarita at the Palais Garnier in Paris in November 1991.
French original - pdf 3 pages


Texts on The Master and Margarita in German

Eine Multimediale Installation zu dem Roman Der Meister und Margarita - Fröhling, Paul.
Bachelor thesis by the German student Paul Fröhling with a description of the interactive graphic novel he made of The Master and Margarita in 2015 at the University of Pforzheim.
German original - pdf 74 pages

Artbook. Bilder zur Bachelorarbeit von Paul Fröhling - Fröhling, Paul.
A collection of the illustrations of the Bachelor thesis made by the German student Paul Fröhling in 2015 at the University of Pforzheim.
German original - pdf 52 pages


Texts on The Master and Margarita in Dutch

Van vergetelheid tot beroemdheid - Pieter Boulogne
A seminar on The Master and Margarita was organized on November 16, 2007 in Antwerp. Pieter Boulogne (PhD student, KUL) presented the story about the rehabilitation of Bulgakov which, at first sight, began on an unex-pected moment.
Dutch original - pdf 12 pages

De meester en Margarita - De roman en de film - Vikki Raskin
In her master paper at the Catholic University of Leuven, Vikki Raskin compares Vladimir Bortko's film with Mikhail Bulgakov's novel.
Dutch original - pdf 63 pages

Van roman tot graphic novel - Maarten Van Tieghem
Maarten Van Tieghem graduated summa cum lauda at the University of Ghent with a master paper, in which he compared the various comic strip adaptations of The Master and Margarita.
Dutch original - pdf 84 pages


Texts on The Master and Margarita in Russian

Мастер и Маргарита - Альтернативное прочтение - Барков,
Альфред
In his first essay, Barkov argues that Maksim Gorky is the real prototype of Bulgakov's Master, while actress Maria Andreeva would be Margarita, and Bulgakov would be Ivan Bezdomny. Furthermore, Barkov writes that Mikhail Bulgakov depicted Margarita as a bestial whore betraying the Master to the secret police.
Russian original - pdf 290 pages

Мастер и Маргарита - Литературная мистификация - Барков, Альфред
In his second essay, Barkov continues giving controversial interpretations of The Master and Margarita, one of which is that the novel itself parodies the Faust and the City, a procommunist drama by Anatoly Lunacharsky. Some of his conclusions, however, contradict the statements of his first essay.
Russian original - pdf 184 pages

Фантастиский Роман о Дьяволе - Лосев, Виктор
The Fantastic Novel about the Devil. Victor Losev discusses the genesis of The Master and Margarita.
Russian original - pdf 12 pages


Texts on the Soviet Union in English

The State Bank of the USSR
Article from the website of the Bank of Russia on the monetary policy of the State Bank of the USSR in the Soviet Union.
English original - pdf 6 pages

As good as gold? - Barnett,Vincent
A note on the chervonets - a gold-backed currency which replaced the rou-ble during the New Economic Policy in the Soviet Union, and of which Bul-gakov wondered whether «it was real money or a stage prop».
English original - pdf 8 pages

Russian Collectivization - Beers, George
Beers argues that collectivization in the Soviet Union did not lead to agri-cultural production but rather to a famine that killed millions and the terror unnecessarily imposed on the Kulaks.
English original - pdf 6 pages

The Bullitt Mission to Russia - Bullit, William C.
Testimony before the Committee on Foreign Relations United States Se-nate of William C. Bullitt on September 12, 1919. Two days later the United States would close down the American Embassy in Moscow. Much later, in 1933, William C. Bullitt was installed as the new U.S. ambassador in Mos-cow.
English original - pdf 96 pages

The Samizdat Archipelago - Eichwede, Wolfgang
Eichwede explains that samizdat was not possible under totalitarianism, but only started when society was under pressure to modernize and the power of the government was decreasing.
English original - pdf 12 pages

Everyday Stalinism - Fitzpatrick, Sheila
Sheila Fitzpatrick describes the Ordinary Life in Extraordinary Times: the everyday practices and social identity of the citizens in Soviet Russia in the 1930s.
English original - pdf 274 pages

Laughter in the Dark: Humour under Stalin - Lauchlan, Iain
Iain Lauchlan of the University of Stirling, United Kingdom, argues that, in the Soviet Union, State-approved merriment was an act of complicity with the Soviet tyranny because it signified a belief in the beautiful lie, a state of blissful ignorance. Meanwhile genuine comedy was repressed because it was a malcontent’s expression of the ugly truth.
English original - pdf 15 pages

What Is To Be Done? - Lenin, Vladimir
Lenin's pamphlet from 1902 on what needs to be done to organize a communist society. This English translation has some differences with the Dutch translation, which you can also find in the archives.
English translation - pdf 107 pages

Vilified, Venerated, Forbidden: Jazz in the Stalinist Era - Lücke, Martin
Martin Lücke is the chairman of the Music Management Department of the Macromedia Hochschule für Medien und Kommunikation in Berlin. His essay on the jazz music in the Stalin era has been translated into English by Anita Ip.
English translation - pdf 11 pages

A dangerous occupation - Medvedev, Zhores
Early life and education in Soviet Russia during the second world war and immediate post-war years, and the influence of Trofim Lysenko on Soviet science. This essay was published in the Mill Hill Essays 2010.
English original - pdf 11 pages

Between right and left - Oppenheim, Samuel A.
Samuel Oppenheim writes about Grigorii Yakovlevich Sokolnikov and the development of the Soviet state between 1921 and 1929, looking forward and backward.
English original - pdf 23 pages

The Official and the Unofficial in Soviet culture 1950-80 - Savitsky, Stanislav
Savitsky studies the concepts «official» and «non official» and shows the re-lation of both using the novel Pushkin's House by Andrei Bitov from 1978.
English original - pdf 9 pages

I Speak For The Silent - Tchernavin, Vladimir Vyacheslavovich
The subtitle of this book is Prisoners of the Soviets. Professor Vladimir Chernavin, a contemporary of Bulgakov, succeeded in escaping with his wife and his son from a camp and published his memoirs. He relates the interrogations by the GPU and the treatment of the prisoners in the camps. His wife published her memoirs under the title Escape from the Gulag where she describes the prisons for women in the USSR.
English original - pdf 398 pages

Bears in the Caviar - Thayer, Charles
Charles Thayer was an collaborator of William C. Bullitt, who was the American ambassador in Moscow in the '30s. In Bears in the Caviar he writes in an entertaining way about the eccentric receptions at the Spaso House which inspired Mikhail Bulgakov for Woland's Ball in The Master and Margarita.
English original - pdf 13 pages

Chervontsi or roubles - does it matter? - Vanhellemont, Jan
In The Master and Margarita, Mikhail Bulgakov used several times the word chervonets. According to webmaster Jan Vanhellemont it’s a pity that the English, French and Dutch translators of Bulgakov’s masterpiece translated this word as ten-rouble bill. He argues that, by doing so, they missed a part of Bulgakov's satire on the subject of money in the Soviet Union era.
English original - pdf 6 pages


Texts on the Soviet Union in French

La production des biens culturels en URSS - Kiriya, Ilya
Kyriya explains in this article that the Soviet culture answered a main need: the ideological need. However, the organization of this culture required to be industrial in order to attain a maximum of consumers and by doing so, to reinforce the Soviet ideology.
French original - pdf 11 pages


Texts on the Soviet Union in Dutch

Wat te doen? - Lenin, Vladimir
Lenin's pamphlet from 1902 on what needs to be done to organize a communist society. This Dutch translation has some differences with the English translation, which you can also find in the archives.
Dutch translation - pdf 120 pages


Texts on the Soviet Union in Spanish

Cartas de amor a Stalin - Mayorga, Juan
Original text of the theater piece in which the author used Bulgakov's letter to Stalin and the subsequent telephone conversation between them to describe various aspects of the relationship between artists and the power.
Spanish original - pdf 38 pages


Texts on the Soviet Union in Russian

Редакция N 6 - N.N.
Internal note of the Kremlin - Structure of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation. This note stated that the Kremlin had to follow two tracks: an open policy and a secret policy. The latter should be used «to retain and consolidate power».
Russian original - pdf 9 pages

Задания кремлеботам на Савушкина, 55 - N.N.
Detailed information for the Kremlin trolls on the themes that they had to deal with during their activities on social networks. These instructions were valid for the week of February 28 to March 7, 2015.
Russian original - pdf 119 pages

Путин. Война. - Nemtsov, Boris
The report written by opposition leader Boris Nemtsov on the role of Russia in the war in Ukraine, which could have been the reason why he's got killed on Friday, February 27, 2015.
Russian original - pdf 65 pages



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